Motorvehiclesareanimportantpartofourday-to-daylivingandprovideameansforpeople and goods to be transported from one location to another.

The goal of driver training is ensure that you, as the driver, are equipped with the right knowledgeofhowtohandleyourvehicleandhowtoactappropriatelywhenusingtheroad.

Mosttrafficaccidentsarecausedbyhumanerror,howeverthiscanbeeasilypreventedwhenthe driver is adequately prepared for the traffic situation. This training also ensures that you are prepared with the necessary skills to provide safe and efficient transport services for goods and for passengers.

TraficSignsandSignals

Traficsignsandsignalsareusedtocommunicateontheroad.

• Therearetwotypesoftraficsignals;handsignalsandlightsignals

• Traficsignsareusedtoguide,provideinformationandwarnallroadusers.

Mostsignsfallwithinthreebroadcategoriesalthoughthereareexceptions.Theseare

Triangle:Warning      Rectangle:Informing      Circle:Givinganorder

Introduction      1

Licences      pg1

Speedlimits

SafeFollowingDistances      pg2

Light&heavymotorvehicle      19

No StoppingorParkingInside,

Noparking areas:      pg3

VehicleTowing      27

right of way applicable overtakingonyourlefthandside

Learner’slicenseholder      28

pg4

notallowedtoOvertaking      32

OnaFreeway      39

driveonYellowLine      43

Collisions      46

maynotbeusedonapublicroad-      49

TyresSafetyCheck

Pg5

changinglanes      57

LoadsandProjections      58

Animalsonpublicroads      62

Vehiclesafetybelt

Pg6

Vehiclemustbeequippedwithexhaustsilencer Intersections known as Junctions

Vehicle’sHooter

EverylightandheavymotorvehicleEmergences

Usingthegears

Equipment

Function

ReflectorTriangle

Allmotorvehicles(excludingmotorcycles)shouldhavetheseatalltimes. The reflector should be used when the motorvehicle for any given reasonstopsontheroad.Theseshouldbeplaced60metresaheadand 60 metres behind a disabled vehicle.

Firstaidkit

A fully equipped first aid kit should have the following items - gauze dressings, triangular bandages, rolled bandages, safety pins, disposable sterilegloves,tweezers,scissors,alcohol-freecleansingwipes,stickytape, antiseptic cream, painkillers such as paracetamol, antihistamine tablets, distilled water for cleaning wounds, eye wash and eye bath

ToolsBox

Toolssuchasajackandspannercanbeusedtodominimal repair when the vehicle is disabled.

FireExtinguisher

Thisenablesthemotoristtodealwithfireemergencies.Ensurethatthefireextinguisherisinspectedregularlytoensurethatitisgoodworkingcondition.

FireAxe

Intheeventofafire,thefireaxeisahandytooltorescuepassengers.

Equipment

Function

Towropes

Thisropeisreinforcedtohandletheweightofthecarandcanbeusedto tow vehicles in case of a breakdown.

Sparetyre

Itisimportanttohaveaninflatedsparetyreandrestorethedeflated tyreback as soon as possible

Thistyreshouldbeinflated

JumpstartCable

Thejumpstartcableisusedtoreignitetheengine.

SurvivalGear

Thisisparticularlyimportantformotoristsoperatinginplaceswithextremeconditionssuch as extreme cold, extreme heat androughterrainthatislikelyto damage the car. Survival gear mayinclude blankets, a torch, a small supply food and water.

Learner’slicensecodes&Motorvehicles

Learner’slicensecodes&Motorvehicles

MotorcyclesIfyouareundertheageof18,youmayonlyrideamotorcyclewith a cylinder capacity not exceeding125 cubic centimeters

LightMotorVehiclesVehicleMassshallnotbemorethan3500kg.

PassengerVehicle(Bus&Minibus).vehiclesexceeds3500kilograms.

HeavyMotorVehicleshallapplyinrespectto-•agoodsvehiclewithaGVM of more than 9000 kilograms;

SouthAfricanSpeedlimits

shallapplyinrespectofeverypublicroadsituated

withinanurbanarea;

KM/H

shallapplyinrespectofeverypublicroadoutside

anurbanarea;

KM/H

shallapplyinrespectofeveryfreeway.

KM/H

shallapplyinrespectof-

- bus,and•aminibus

KM/H

shallapplyinrespectto-•agoodsvehiclewitha

GVMofmorethan9000kilograms;

KM/H

Followinganothervehicle

KeepaSafeFollowingDistances

Followinganothervehicle

KeepaSafeFollowingDistances

Safe following distance for motorcycles      2secondrule Safefollowingdistanceforlightmotorvehicles      2secondrule

Safe following distance for heavy motor vehicles      3 second ruleAlldistancesshouldincreaseinbadlightandweathersoyoustopwithoutswerving

Light&heavymotorvehicle

Brightlightmustemitawhitelightclearvisibleata

distanceofatleast

100meters

DippedBeamMustemitawhitelightclearvisible

atadistanceofat

45meters

- MustbeswitchedonfromSunsettoSunrise

- Whenitrainsandyoucanseeapersonoravehicle

- Whenyoucansee150minfrontofyou

NumberPlateEveryletterandnumbermustbe

clearvisiblefromadistanceof

20meters

Parking LampsAvehiclemaynotbedrivenonapublicroadwithonlytheparkinglampslightedwhilesuch vehicleis inmotion

FogLampsMustbeusedinconditionofpoorvisibility

causedby

Snow,Smoke,Fog,

MistandDust

SpotLamp

NoStoppingorParkingInside,OnorCloserThan

Apedestriancrossing      9meters

Nexttooroppositeavehiclewheretheroadwidth      9meters

islessthan

Atunnel,subway,bridgeorrailwayreserve      6meters

Railwaylevelcrossing      6meters

Noparkingareas:

Anintersection      5meters

Firehydrant      1,5meters

Roadedgeoutsideurbanarea      1meter

Pavement(onlytoopenagatetogetintoyourproperty

Younotallowedtoparkfacingoncomingtraffic

VehicleTowing

Maximumdistanceoftowingbetweentwovehicles      3.5M

Minimumdistanceoftowingrequiringaredflagto      1.8M

showtherope

Maximumspeedtowingpermittedwithropeortractorwithtrailerand

passengers      30KM/H

NoPassengersallowedinavehiclethatisbeingtowed

Youmaycarrypassengersinatowingsemi-trailer

Whenisrightofwayapplicable

Whenisrightofwayapplicable

Whenyouwithinatrafficcircle

Whenyouhavestoppedfirstata4wayor3waystop

Whentrafficlightsarenotwork,aretobetreatedas4waystop At an intersection oncoming traffic have a right of way

Mayovertakingonyourlefthandside

Mayovertakingonyourlefthandside

Whenavehicleinfrontofyouindicatesthatisgoingturnright When the road has two lanes for both in the same direction

Whenatrafficofferorderyoutodoso

Only havelearnerslicense

Theremustbesomeonewithyouinavehiclewiththesamedrivinglicense

Drivingonafreewayisprohibited.Unless youarecompaniedbyalicense

driverforthesamevehicleclass

Transportingpassengerisprohibited

Learnerslicenseisvalidfor      24months

Validityforclearancecertificate(licensedisc)      12Months

YounotallowedtoOvertaking

Onawhitesolidline

AtanIntersection

OnaCurve

Ontopofthehill

Whenyoucannotseeapersonorvehicle100metersinfront

Ofyouduetopoorvisibility

Novehicledrawnbyananimal;No pedal cycle

DrivingonaFreeway

DrivingonaFreeway

Nopedestrians

Nostoppingorparkingunlesstrafficofficerordersyoutodoso

WhentodriveonyellowLine

Indaytimewhenyouwantothervehicletopassyou

Whenyouhaveaflattire.

Whenatrafficofficeordersyoutodoso

Nostoppingorparkingunlesstrafficofficerordersyoutodoso

WhentodriveonyellowLine

Indaytimewhenyouwantothervehicletopassyou

Whenyouhaveaflattire.

Whenatrafficofficeordersyoutodoso

Aheavymotorvehiclemaynotbeusedonapublicroad-

Aheavymotorvehiclemaynotbeusedonapublicroad-

ifthefueltankisnotfittedwithaneffectivecap;

unlesstheelectricalwiringandbatteryareproperlyinstalled,insulatedand maintained so that such wiring and battery do not constitute a source ofdanger

Nopersonshalloperateonapublicroadavehicleinsuchamannerasto cause any excessive noise.

TyresSafetyCheck

Checkthetyrepressure

EnsureyouhaveasparetyrethatisingoodconditionEnsure that tyretreads are ingood condition

Ensurethattyretreadsarenotlessthan      1mmindepth

Youmustseeifanyonehasbeenkilledorinjured.

SETUPTHEREFLECTORTRIANGLES 45M BEHIND YOUR VEHICLE

InanAccidentorDealingwith anemergences

SETUPTHEREFLECTORTRIANGLES 45M BEHIND YOUR VEHICLE

InanAccidentorDealingwith anemergences

Youmustreportaccidentstopolicewithin

DONOTmoveinjuredpeoplefromtheirvehiclesunlesstheyareindanger from fire or explosion

Youshouldalwaysstopandofferassistancewherepossible

0,05gramsper100mlofbloodormore

AlcoholwillaffectyourAbilitytodrive your vehicle

DONOTDRINKANDDRIVE

Alcohol

AlcoholwillaffectyourAbilitytodrive your vehicle

DONOTDRINKANDDRIVE

Alcohol

0,02gramsper100mlofbloodormoreinacaseofaprofessionaldriver

FirstAidontheroad

Someone with First Aid training can often prevent a victim’s condition fromworseningandmaysavetheirlife.Theaimsof havingFirstAidon the road to driver’s license holders are to:

1stPreservelife

2ndBepreparedtogiveFirstAid

3rd      Preventacasualty’sinjuryfromgettinganyworse

BLINDSPOT

Whenchanginglanes

BLINDSPOT

Whenchanginglanes

1STyoumustswitchonyourindicatorstoindicateyourdirection

2ndYoumustchecktherearviewmirrorvehiclebehindyou.

3rdYoumustcheckthesidemirrortoensureofanydanger

4thLastactionistochecktheblindspot

LoadsandProjections

Cars &Trucks:Goodsmaynotextendinfrontofthevehicle formore than:      300mm

LMV/HMV:Goodsmaynotbewiderthan:      2.5M

Cars&Trucks:Goodsmaynotextendtothebackofthevehicleformore

than      1.8M

4thLastactionistochecktheblindspot

LoadsandProjections

Cars &Trucks:Goodsmaynotextendinfrontofthevehicle formore than:      300mm

LMV/HMV:Goodsmaynotbewiderthan:      2.5M

Cars&Trucks:Goodsmaynotextendtothebackofthevehicleformore

than      1.8M

Animalsonpublicroads

Animalsonpublicroads

Thepeoplecontrollinganimalsonapublicroad

Must carry a warning at least 150m ahead of and beyond the herd as follows

Sunsettosunrise:aredlight

Sunrisetosunset:a300mmsquareredflag

Must carry a warning at least 150m ahead of and beyond the herd as follows

Sunsettosunrise:aredlight

Sunrisetosunset:a300mmsquareredflag

Iftherearelessthan10animalsonlyonelightorflagisrequired

Vehiclesafetybelt

Seatbeltsarecompulsorytowearwheninamovingvehicle. Children younger than 14 year must wear seatbelts

It’snotcompulsorytowearseatbeltwhenreversing

Thedriverofamotorvehiclemustensurethatachild seated on a seat with seatbelts

Vehiclesafetybelt

Seatbeltsarecompulsorytowearwheninamovingvehicle. Children younger than 14 year must wear seatbelts

It’snotcompulsorytowearseatbeltwhenreversing

Thedriverofamotorvehiclemustensurethatachild seated on a seat with seatbelts

Vehiclemustbeequippedwithexhaustsilencer,whichmust;

Allowtheexhaustgasfromtheenginetobeprojected

throughsuchsilencer;

Beinsuchapositionthatoilorotherflammableliquid ormaterialcannot

driporfallontoit,

Besomaintainedthatexhaustgasorsmokedoesnotleakintothedriving

caborpassengercompartmentofthevehicle.

IntersectionsknownasJunctions

Oncomingtraffichavearightofway

Alwaysyieldtoyouroncomingtrafficwhenturningright

Vehiclemayovertakevehicleturningrightattheintersectionifthere’s

enoughspace

youmustalsogivewaytopedestrianscrossingtheroadthatyou’returning

into.

IntersectionsknownasJunctions

Oncomingtraffichavearightofway

Alwaysyieldtoyouroncomingtrafficwhenturningright

Vehiclemayovertakevehicleturningrightattheintersectionifthere’s

enoughspace

youmustalsogivewaytopedestrianscrossingtheroadthatyou’returning

into.

Vehicle’sHooter

Nopersonshallusethehooterofavehicleexceptonthegroundsofsafety.

Vehicle’shootermustclearlyaudiblebyapersonofnormalhearingfroma

distanceof90metres.

Sirensorwarningdevicesthatplayatunemaynotbeusedinprivatevehicles

Thetoneofpitchofthesoundmaynotchange

Vehicle’sHooter

Nopersonshallusethehooterofavehicleexceptonthegroundsofsafety.

Vehicle’shootermustclearlyaudiblebyapersonofnormalhearingfroma

distanceof90metres.

Sirensorwarningdevicesthatplayatunemaynotbeusedinprivatevehicles

Thetoneofpitchofthesoundmaynotchange

Everylight&heavymotorvehiclemustbeequippedwith;

Aservicebreak,

Aparkingbrake,

Anemergencybrake.(Sameasparkingbrake)

Everylight&heavymotorvehiclemustbeequippedwith;

Aservicebreak,

Aparkingbrake,

Anemergencybrake.(Sameasparkingbrake)

Usingthegears

1stGear–Thisgear isfortravellingbetween

0and30km/h

2ndGear–Itisalsotheidealgearformovingdownhillfrom

astationaryposition.

3rdGear-Thisistheappropriategearfortravellingbetween

35and70km/h

4thGear–Thisistheappropriategearfortravelling between

60and110km/h

5thGear-Thisistheappropriategearfortravelling

between

80and110km/h.

A      B      C      D

A:REDmeansSTOP

B:REDandAMBERalsomeanSTOP C: GREEN means you may go

D:AMBERmeansbereadytostop

LLTrainingManualnumber09/24

Disclaimer

Whileallcareistakeninproducingthiswork,noresponsibilityistakenorwarrantymadewithrespecttotheaccuracyofanyinformation,dataorrepresentation.

Thisworkisnotintendedtosubstituteareader’sreferencetorelevantlawsandTransportforNSWexpresslydisclaimsallliabilityinrespectoftheconsequencesofrelianceonthecontentsofthiswork.

©SouthAfricaDrivingInstitute(2024)

Usersarenotallowedtocopy,reproduceanddistributeextractsfromthisworkasthecopyrightownerandthetitleofthisworkisreferencedasthesource.

Table of Contents

TyresSafetyCheck